Pension managed by

Experts

These pension providers are suited to most people – think of them like a pension from work, where you pick a specific pension plan (or a default plan), and the experts will manage your money and investments with the aim of growing it larger and larger over time.

These platforms are ideal for those who want hands-off investing, and simply leaving it to the experts who know what they’re doing. You might be new to investing, or highly experienced but not want to manage your own investments.

Myself

These providers are where you make your own investments within a pension account, called a self-invested personal pension (SIPP).

With self-managed platforms, it’s up to you to decide what your investments are, which stocks and shares you want to buy (small ownership stakes of companies), or which investment funds (called ETFs) you want to buy (groups of different company shares).

These are typically only recommended for more experienced investors.

Self-employed pensions

These providers are great for those self-employed, where you’re able to make contributions into your pension yourself (and still benefit from saving tax), and via a limited company if you run your business as one.

Our top picks are managed by experts, so your money is in a great place with the view to grow larger over time.

If you’re self-employed, you’ve got lots of benefits – like being your own boss, and choosing your own hours.

But when it comes to pensions, you don’t have an employer to set up a pension pot for you (actually the only good bit about an employer setting up your pension is that they have to add at least 3% into it themselves by law).

In general, personal pensions are far better than workplace pensions. You get to decide which pension provider you want to use, so you can shop around for the best rates (lowest fees), and best investment performance (in previous years) from the best pension companies – and a provider with a phone app, or expert advisors ready to answer your questions. The choice is yours!

The only downside is you don’t get the contributions from your employer as you do with workplace pensions. But you’ll still get the government bonus, starting at 25% of what you put into your pension (for basic rate tax payers).

So, to set up your pension, you’ll have to choose a personal pension provider and set it up yourself (it’s easy, really!).

Your best option is to go with a personal pension managed by the experts. The experts will handle everything for you, just like a pension you’d have if you were employed.

All you need to do is add cash, and you’ve got the flexibility to make contributions whenever and for however much you’d like to.

Nuts About Money: learn more with our guide to self-employed pensions.

What does combine pensions mean?

Combining pensions, often also called consolidating pensions is where you can move (transfer) your old pensions over to a new one, and bring them all together into a single place, with a single provider.

It’s very common, and often people do this when they move jobs. They move their old pension from work over to their personal pension.

People do forget about their pension later-in-life, in fact, there’s billions in lost pension pots, so it can be a great idea for most people to do. And, it makes things much easier to manage when you do decide to retire.

Lots of modern pension providers offer combining pensions as a service, and they’ll handle everything for you behind the scenes, such as getting in touch with your old provider and moving your money over.

What is income drawdown?

Getting ready to retire? Or just looking to withdraw cash from your pension? Switching to a pension drawdown provider could be a great option.

As long as you’re 55 (57 from 2028), you can start taking cash from your pension (if you want to), and you can take the first 25% of it completely tax-free, and as a lump sum if you want to.

Nuts About Money rating

Saving for your future is super important, and if you haven’t started yet, start now! There’s loads of tax-free benefits too.

Picking the right pension provider for you is super important too, and we know it’s all a bit confusing when it comes to pensions. That’s why we’ve researched a huge range of pension providers in the UK to narrow it down to the very best – including both expert-managed pension providers, and self-invested pension providers (SIPPs).

Here’s the criteria we used:

• Experience overall
• Ease of use
• Fees
• Range of investments
• Customer service

There’s a huge range of providers, but we’re just showing you the very best personal pensions – ones that we recommend to our friends and family, and use ourselves here at Nuts About Money. Whichever pension provider you choose, you can be confident they’re one of the very best in the UK.

Interested in learning more? Here’s our full review methodology and how we test.

What’s a self-invested personal pension? (SIPP)

A self-invested personal pension (SIPP) is a pension you can easily set up yourself, and it gives you the ability to invest your money however you like.

So you could buy shares of a specific company, such as Google or Amazon, or you could invest in specific investment funds (groups of investments packaged together) that you like.

You’ll still get the government bonus too – a 25% top-up of whatever you pay into your account (and 40% or 45% if you’ve paid higher rate tax on some of your income).

We recommend SIPPs for more experienced investors as you’ll need a solid investment strategy to outperform the experts at other pension providers. But if you think it’s for you, check out the best SIPP providers.

Nuts About Money tip: if you’re keen to learn more about SIPPs, check out our guide: what is a SIPP?

SIPP vs personal pension

A self-invested personal pension (SIPP) is where you decide where your money is invested, and you buy and sell these investments yourself, through your pension account.

Whereas a typical personal pension is where experts make all the decisions for you. You don’t need to lift a finger, just sit back, let them do work, while you watch your pension grow over time. Often called a ready-made personal pension.

SIPPs are more flexible as you have more investment options, but they’re suited to experienced investors with a solid investment strategy. And often already have a personal pension managed by the experts, but want to add a few extra investments on top.

Pros and cons of personal pensions

If you’re not convinced about personal pensions yet – let’s do a quick recap, with a run through of the pros and cons.

Pros

• An excellent way to boost your retirement savings, alongside the State Pension and a workplace pension (employer pension)
• Combine all your old pensions into one pension pot (if you want to)
• Save tax-free as your money grows
• Get an automatic bonus of 25% on all of your personal pension contributions
• Claim back tax paid at 40% (higher rate tax) or 45% (additional rate tax), if you’ve paid it (on your Self Assessment tax return)
• Add up to £60,000 per year (or as much as your total income) – your annual allowance, and includes both your personal and workplace pensions
• Add as much as you like over your lifetime (the previous lifetime allowance of £1,073,100 has been scrapped)
• Let the experts handle your investments (with an expert-managed pension)
• Make your own investments within an SIPP
• Take a tax-free lump sum of 25%

Cons

• Your money is locked away until age 55 (57 from 2028)
• You won’t get any employer contributions like a workplace pension (e.g. when you pay 5% in, your employer must pay 3% in).
• 75% of your pension will be liable for Income Tax (when you start withdrawing it)
• Investment options are restricted (for instance you can’t invest in residential property)

How to set up a personal pension

Pensions might seem complicated, but they’re actually really simple these days.

The hardest part is finding the right pension company for you, but luckily we’re here to help and have done the hard work for you and researched and reviewed the best – all in the private pensions table above.

Once you’ve found one you like and signed up, it’s all over to them. They’ll handle everything for you, that’s transferring existing pensions over if you have them, to setting up any regular payments you’d like to make.

You’ll normally have to choose how you’d like your money invested, for instance if you’d only like ethical investments (so no oil or gas companies for instance), but they’ll help you with this too.

They’ll even collect the government bonus for you – that’s the 25% you get free on everything you put into your pension pot.

So really, all you need to do is put your feet up, add to it regularly if you can, and watch your pension grow over time.

What is an investment platform?

Not quite sure what an investment platform is? No problem. It’s simply a website, or an app on your computer or phone where you can buy and sell investments.

These investments are often company shares (often also called stocks), which means you own a tiny portion of a company. And also funds (the most common type is exchange-traded funds, or ETFs), which are groups of shares from different companies pooled together.

Funds are great because you don’t have to buy the shares of every individual company that suits the investment you want, you can just buy a share of the fund.

For instance, if you just wanted to invest in green energy companies, you could find an ETF that has pooled together businesses in the green energy industry. Or, if you want to buy the biggest companies in the UK (FTSE100), you could buy something called an index fund – here’s how to invest in index funds.

What's a ready-made personal pension?

A ready-made personal pension is one where your investment decisions are all handled for you. All you need to do is add your money – either as a one-off payment or a regular monthly payment (recommended).

They're often set up by online stock brokers or investment platforms, who offer SIPPs – and their experts have designed a portfolio (a range of investments) that is perfect for anyone to get going with their pension. You simply pick the ready-made portfolio, and you're all set.

They're very similar to expert- managed personal pensions. However, often expert-managed pensions solely offer pensions, so it's a bit easier to get up and running – you don't need to register with the stock broker or the investment platform first and then make your investment decisions. You simply register with the expert-managed pension provider and that's it! They'll take care of everything else.

What’s a robo-advisor?

A robo-investor, robo-advisor, or robo-investment platform, simply means an investment app or platform that's managed by expert investors, but uses technology to help you access investments, there’s not actually any robots! 

There’s actually people behind the scenes looking after your money, and they’re experts at it too. It’s just the same as what we call expert-managed investment platforms.

The ‘robo’ part comes from the fact the platform uses technology to manage your investments, such as an app to track how your investments are performing, or selecting which investment strategy you’d like, such as ethical investments only.

What are trading fees and account fees?

Unfortunately, investing isn’t free. It comes at a cost – there’s a lot of things going on behind the scenes for platforms in the UK to make trades for you.

However, that doesn’t mean it’s super expensive. It used to be, when it was all face-to-face or over the phone with a stock broker. But now using an online trading platform makes it much cheaper.

In fact, more modern trading apps are commission-free. That means you don’t pay any trading fees to buy or sell investments, you’ll just be paying a fee for your account – and sometimes not even that.

And because it’s now cheaper for an online trading platform to make transactions for their clients, there doesn’t tend to be any minimum investment fees (or minimum deposit), or any withdrawal fees. Result! You can trade online with as little as £1 on some trading apps if you want to.

Let’s quickly go back to account fees, these are sometimes called platform fees, and they’ll either be a fixed monthly fee (such as £9.99 per month), and you can then make trades sometimes with a fee and sometimes without, depending on the platform. Or, there'll be an annual fee based on the amount of investments within your account, which can range from 0% to over 1%.

It really depends on if you want to trade or invest, and generally if you’re investing then you’ll pay a percentage of your investments per year, like 1%, and trading you’ll pay trading fees and sometimes an account fee.

Share dealing fees

The trading fee we mentioned is often called a share dealing fee. And this is simply the fee to buy and sell stocks and shares, and is charged per transaction. It can range from free (with commission-free platforms) to as much as £12.

Currency conversion fees

A currency conversion fee, or currency exchange fee, is often how free investment platforms make their money. Although every investment platform will charge them.

It’s a fee to buy stocks and shares in a different currency to yours (so Pounds, GBP). For instance, if you want to buy US stocks, they’re in US Dollars, and so in order to buy them, the stock broker needs to convert your Pounds into Dollars, and in doing so, they’ll charge a fee.

Pension tax relief (government bonus)

With a pension pot, you’ll get a bonus from the government – a massive 25% top-up on what you put in.

This top-up is intended to reimburse the amount of tax (basic rate tax) you’ve already paid – as paying into your pension is intended to be tax free. Technically it’s called tax relief.

Why tax free? Well, the government want people to save as much as they can for their retirement, as the state pension is probably not going to be enough for people to live on just by itself any more.

If you’re a higher rate tax payer (meaning you earn more than £50,270), you’ll actually get 40% back (but only on the amount you pay 40% tax on), and the same if you’re an additional rate taxpayer, getting 45% back. Winning!

With the 25% bonus, your pension provider (the company who is looking after your pension), will automatically claim this bonus from the government and add it on to your balance.

With higher rate (40%) and additional rate (45%) taxpayers, you’ll claim this each year as part of your Self Assessment tax return – which is an online form you can fill out after each tax year (which ends of April 5th every year), telling the government you’ve been paying into a personal pension and would like to claim your tax back (your pension bonus).

This is different to a workplace pension scheme (the pension set up by your employer). With a workplace pension, first, your money goes into your pension before you pay tax, then the tax is deducted from what is left over. So, you haven’t actually paid any tax on the money you’re paying into your pension. It’s all handled by your employer.

However, with a personal pension, you’re using money that you’ve already paid tax on (e.g. your salary after you’ve paid tax), and so you get the amount you’d paid in tax, back as a bonus.

It sounds confusing but it’s really quite simple, you just get your tax back on the amount you pay in!

Pensions and tax

With the money within your pension pot – it’s effectively tax-free when it’s growing, meaning you won’t pay Capital Gains Tax, which is a tax you sometimes pay when your money has increased from assets growing in value – such as if you buy an investment and then sell it later and make a profit. This is great news as your money will grow much faster!

You will pay tax when you start withdrawing your money from your pension pot however. The first 25% is tax-free, and you can take this as a tax-free lump sum in one go when you reach 55 (57 in 2028), or if you take little bits here and there, you won’t pay tax on 25% of what you take out.

With the remaining 75% of your pension, you’ll pay income tax on it. So, that means if your yearly earnings are above the current tax personal allowance of £12,570 per year, you’ll pay 20% tax, and if your earnings are over £50,270 per year, you’ll pay 40% tax on the money above that (and 45% above £125,140).

So effectively it’s just the same as a job, but ideally you would have retired! And your pension could be the only income you have which could mean you’re not paying any tax at all later in life.

How much can you pay into private pensions?

You can actually pay as much as you like into your private pension, however, there are limits on how much tax relief you can claim on your workplace pension and limits on the tax benefits on a personal one (i.e. the juicy 25% bonus from the government).

If you’re lucky enough to have lots of cash burning a hole in your pocket, you might want to pay as much as possible into your pension to benefit from the government bonus. But, there are limits on the amount you can pay into your pension and still claim the bonus (tax back). Which are:

• 100% of your income per year, or
• A maximum of £60,000 paid in per year

These limits could change over time, and all the latest limits can be found on the gov.uk website.

What’s the difference between a personal pension and private pension?

A private pension is a pension that’s in your name, and that you contribute to yourself. For instance a workplace pension, that’s set up by your employer, but it’s all yours and you’ll contribute to it through your salary.

A personal pension is a type of private pension, it’s just like an employer pension (workplace pension), except you set it up yourself, and can move it around and contribute however much you like! It’s a great way to increase your retirement savings in addition to a workplace pension.

The State Pension is a bit different, this is the pension you’ll get from the government when you turn 66 (and 68 in the future). This is also called a public pension. You don’t have much control over it, and the government can make changes if they like. Whereas a private pension is more like a savings account, it’s all yours.

Other types of pensions

Our table is our top picks for personal pensions, which are ones you set up yourself (and pretty great all round), but there’s also two other main types of pension:

The State Pension

This is the pension from the government you’ll get when you reach 66 years old (but rising to 68 in future). You might struggle to live on just this. More on this below.

Workplace pension

Set up by your employer. If you’re employed, you’ll probably have a workplace pension. More on this below too.

What’s the State Pension?

The State Pension (technically called the new State Pension), is what you’ll get from the government when you reach State Pension age, which is 66, but slowly increasing to 68.

However, to qualify, you’ll need to have made National Insurance contributions for at least 10 years, and to get the full amount, you’ll need to have made 35 years worth of contributions. These are recorded on your National Insurance record.

It’s currently £221.20 per week – so not a huge amount. That’s why we recommend making use of a workplace pension scheme if you have one, and a personal pension too – to increase your retirement savings as much as possible.

Both of these will boost your retirement income quite significantly when it comes to retirement, especially if you start your pension early!

What’s a workplace pension?

A workplace pension scheme is also a private pension, but it’s one your employer sets up and manages for you (if you are employed). If you’re self-employed, you’ll have to set up your own personal pension.

Anyway, with workplace pensions, your employer will almost definitely be part of the auto-enrolment scheme, which is where they have to set you up with a pension unless you opt out (it’s a government scheme).

And, this is where it gets good, they have to contribute to your pension too!

The standard contributions are, if you add 5% of your salary into your pension, your employer has to add at least 3% (by law), and sometimes they might add even more if you add more (called matched contributions). It’s basically free money!

What’s a stakeholder pension?

A stakeholder pension is another type of private pension, but an older type of pension, and not often used, but are still available, and some employers still work with stakeholder pension providers. However you most likely do not have one.

Stakeholder pensions were designed for those who might struggle to get access to a ‘regular’ pension – such as those on low incomes or who work part time (your employer is not required to open a pension for you in these circumstances), or you could be self-employed with fluctuating income.

However, they’ve mostly been replaced by personal pensions and self-invested personal pensions (and all the best private pension plan providers are listed above).

They’re slightly different however, they must follow 3 rules:

• No penalties: your provider won’t be allowed to charge you a penalty fee if you stop contributing to your pension, or any fees if you decide to move it somewhere else (a withdrawal fee).
• Low minimum payments: a provider must allow contributions as low as £20, and cannot make you pay more.
• Cap of management charges: a provider cannot charge you more than 1.5% per year for the first 10 years, and then more than 1% after that. (sometimes called administration fees).

Although this all sounds great, and it is, most private pensions also have low fees and low minimum payments – so they’re not really that much different, and there’s also restrictions on where your money can be invested with a stakeholder pension, so they might actually grow slower than other pensions too.

Can I have a personal pension and a workplace pension?

Yep! And it’s highly recommended, and very common. It's the best way to boost your total pension pot for a comfortable retirement.

A workplace pension is set up by your employer and it’s their choice who they decide your pension is with (and often not the best choice, with expensive fees and poor performance).

With a personal pension, you have control over who your pension is with, and can transfer to another company whenever you like. So you can choose a pension provider with low fees, good performance and perhaps have a great phone app that allows you to track your pension whenever you like.

You’ll also get all the same benefits as a workplace pension, such as tax-free contributions thanks to the government bonus, but you won’t get the employer contributions (which your employer is forced to make by law, and is a minimum of 3%).

If you’re lucky and have an employer who matches your contributions up to a certain point, it’s often better to pay into your workplace pension up until the point where your employer no longer matches your contributions (which is basically free money).

And after that point start paying into your own personal pension instead, to benefit from potential cheaper fees, better performance and more control over your money.

When can you access your pension cash?

You’ll be able to access your private pension pots much earlier than your State Pension (which is from age 66). From 55 you can access your private pension(s), but it’ll be 57 from 2028, unless you are diagnosed as terminally ill, then you can access it immediately.

When you’re able to access it, you can take up to 25% completely tax-free! The rest may be taxable, depending on how much income you are getting, so you might want to wait until you officially retire before you think about taking the cash, so you reduce the amount of tax paid overall.

‍Nuts About Money tip: here’s more information on pensions and taxes.

What happens to my private pension when I die?

With a private pension, as it’s all your cash (and not the government's cash like the State Pension), it will pass to your next of kin or someone you specify with your pension provider. It’s not lost forever.

Nuts About Money tip: here’s more information on what happens to your pension when you die.

Pension fees

With pensions, the fees can be a bit confusing, and can be different for different pension companies, and again for each different personal pension plan (the investments).

Note: we’ve looked at fees as part of comparison into the best private pension schemes.

The main fee you’ll pay is to your pension company, and typically, it’s an annual management fee (or annual platform fee), which is a percentage of the money you have saved with them. This can be anything up to 1.5% of your pension per year.

After that, wherever your money is invested, for example, the pension fund (investment fund), will have its own fees too, which goes to the fund managers. This is also known as an annual management fee, or fund fee, and is taken directly from the money invested within the pension fund.

This can range from 0.10% to 2%+ per year, it really depends on which investments are within your pension portfolio.

And, if you’re managing your own investments (within your own pension portfolio), with a self-invested personal pension, you’ll have a fee per investment fund, and you might have a fee when you buy and sell investments, often called a share dealing fee.

On top of that, if you’re using a financial advisor, they’ll also charge a fee – which can be a one-off, fixed fee for the financial advice, such as a percentage of your pension, or a set amount, such as £500.

Or, they could also charge an ongoing fee, either as part of the annual management fee, or separately, which is typically a percentage of your retirement funds.

We said it was confusing right?

So, bringing that all together, depending on which pension company you choose, you could pay a fee for the advice (determining the best pension plans for you), a fee for the private pension provider, and a fee for the investments (the personal pension scheme).

A note about exit fees

When you transfer your pension pot (pension plan) from one pension provider to another (transferring your pension), you might have to pay an exit fee. And previously this used to be quite a lot, but the Financial Conduct Authority has cracked down big time.

Here’s the new rules:

• No exit fees at all on any new pension plan set up after 31st March 2017
• Exit fees are capped 1% for those aged over 55 (if you do have an older pension with exit fees)
• The fee cannot be increased if it was previously below 1%.

Some pension providers were particularly greedy and had super high exit fees (as much as 10%) to deter you from transferring to a better provider, and staying with them. The downside is they often had very high management fees too. Which means it’s actually still better to pay the exit fee and change to a lower cost provider, as in the long run it would be cheaper.

Anyway, your new pension provider will let you know if there’s going to be an exit fee and how much it is – so you don’t have to continue the pension transfer if you don’t want to. Often, there won’t be any exit fees, so don’t let the anticipation of a fee put you off.

What’s a pension fund?

A pension fund is a bit different to your actual private pension provider. A fund is a collection of loads of cash from lots of different people – everyone’s pension pot. And this money is invested by the fund (often called the pension plan), with the aim of growing it safely over time – so you have lots of money in retirement savings when you retire!

The investments they make are often in exchange-traded funds (ETFs), which are groups of stocks and shares (tiny portions of ownership of a company), alongside other investments such as bonds (which are effectively loans to businesses and governments that pay interest) and sometimes property.

Pension funds have their own fees in addition to pension providers (mostly), and they’re deducted from your pension pot itself each year - you don’t need to pay anything extra yourself. These are called fund management costs, or sometimes an annual service fee.

Are pensions safe?

Yep! All pensions are regulated by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA) – they’re the people who authorise and review companies to look after your money. And are very conscious of pension scams.

Your money is also protected by the Financial Services Compensation Scheme (FSCS), which means if the company looking after your pension closed down or went out of business, you’d get some or all of your money back.

If your pension provider closed down, you’d get all of your money back.

Plus, there’s a regulator just for workplace pensions, called The Pensions Regulator, to make sure workplace pension schemes are looking after your money.

If it was an SIPP operator, you would get back up to £85,000. However, with an SIPP your money is actually within the investments themselves, which are in your name, and can only be returned to you (the SIPP provider cannot access them). You are also covered per company, not in total.

If a financial adviser gives you bad advice, you could also get up to £85,000 compensation.

Of course, if the value of your investments go down, you are not protected. Your capital is at risk as they say. However pension funds aim to grow your money safely and securely over time in low risk funds.

What to do when you retire

When it comes to actually retiring, hopefully your pension pots will now be bulging!

With a private pension, you can start taking money out of your pension when you’re 55 (57 from 2028) – you don’t actually have to officially retire. However, often when you start taking money out, your allowance reduces to £10,000 per year, so you need to be sure. This is called the Money Purchase Annual Allowance (MPAA).

Before taking money out, you’d be able to add up to your whole income, or up to £60,000, whichever is lower, every tax year.

When you do want to retire and start spending your hard earned pension savings, the first 25% of your pension will be completely tax free! And you can take this as a tax free lump sum if you like. (This won’t reduce your annual contribution allowance.)

Or, if you take it as regular income, the first 25% of what you take will be tax free. Pretty good right?

Then you’ll pay Income Tax on the remaining 75%. Which is just the same as your income now (e.g. your salary), so you’ll have a Personal Allowance of £12,570 per year before you actually have to pay any tax, after that you’ll pay 20% (basic rate), on anything up to £50,270, and then 40% (higher rate) up to £125,140, and 45% after than (additional rate).

Taking money from your pension pots as income is called drawdown (sometimes called flexi-drawdown), but you also have another option, you could use your pension funds to buy a guaranteed income for the rest of your life (or for a set number of years). This is called an annuity.

You can only start claiming the State Pension when you reach retirement age (officially), which is currently 66, even if you retire early.

It’s best to speak to a financial advisor if you want advice for your personal circumstances. It is your retirement income after all! You can speak to an advisor for free with Pension Wise (a government scheme).